跨境执行指南系列之澳门篇

导语：德恒香港跨境执行业务中心于2025年3月成立。该中心依托香港区位和专业优势，整合境内外调查资源、执行资源，打造专业跨境执行法律服务团队，为境内外客户提供一站式跨境执行服务，为解决“执行难”问题开辟新路径。该中心邀请境外争议解决专业律师合作，组织编写了民商事判决或仲裁裁决在香港、澳门、美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新加坡等主流被执行人资产所在国家或地区的域外认可和执行的法律概况。本系列文章将按司法管辖区陆续更新。
Preamble:
In March2025, DeHeng Law Offices (Hong Kong) LLP established its Cross-Border Enforcement Center (“Center”). Given the strategic location and professional expertise of Hong Kong, the Center aims to offer solutions for a connected world and a new approach to addressing the practical challenges of enforcing court judgments and arbitration awards. It will integrate diverse domestic and international resources, drawing upon the expertise of its global dispute resolution team, to provide clients with a one-stop, high-level comparative analysis of cross-border enforcement of court judgments and arbitration awards. The Center has cooperated with the expertise of its global dispute resolution team to provide the client a series of analysis on the extraterritorial recognition and enforcement of civil and commercial judgments or arbitral awards of the Chinese Mainland in Hong Kong, Macau, USA, UK,Canada,Australia, Singapore and other main jurisdictions where the assets of the debtor are kept. This series of analysis will be updated successively by jurisdiction.
一、民商事裁决 CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL JUDGMENTS
（一）本地区与哪些司法管辖区在执行民商事判决方面有互惠安排？
With which jurisdictions does this jurisdiction have reciprocal arrangements for enforcement of civil and commercial judgments?
澳门特别行政区（“澳门”）与内地有民事和商业判决互认与执行的互惠安排。根据2006年生效的《内地与澳门特别行政区关于相互认可和执行民商事判决的安排》，两地判决可相互认可和执行，且在法院受理认可和执行判决的申请之前或者之后，可以申请财产保全。
The Macau Special Administrative Region (“Macau”) has reciprocal arrangements for the recognition and enforcement of civil and commercial judgments with Mainland of China. According to the Arrangement on Mutual Recognition and Enforcement of Civil and Commercial Judgments between Mainland of China and Macau, which came into effect in 2006, judgments of Mainland of China and Macau can be mutually recognized and enforced, injunctions can also be requested before or after the Court accepts the application for recognition and enforcement of judgments.
（二）如果没有互惠安排，是否仍有可能执行外国民商事判决？
If there is no reciprocal arrangement, is it still possible to enforce a foreign civil and commercial judgment?
可以，但需满足澳门本地法律要求（如判决终局性、管辖权、程序正当性），且原判决地法院需要被澳门法院个案认定为互惠关系。
Yes, but only if the foreign judgment meets Macau’s domestic legal requirements (e.g., finality, jurisdiction, and due process) and the originating jurisdiction is deemed reciprocal by Macau courts on a case-by-case basis.
（三）如果没有异议，认可和执行外国或内地民商事判决大约需要多长时间？
What is the approximate time required to recognize and enforce a foreign civil and commercial judgment or a Chinese Mainland civil and commerical judegment if unopposed?
在认可的司法程序中，法院需要传唤被申请人。一般情况下，在完成传唤后，如果没有异议，需要约半年时间完成认可的司法程序。完成认可的司法程序后，可随即开展执行的司法程序并向法院申请查封被执行人在澳门的所有财产。完成查封被执行人在澳门的所有财产后，法院需要将执行申请及查封财产等事宜告知被执行人，以便其提出倘有的异议。如果没有异议，一般情况下，需要约半年至一年时间进行财产变卖程序。完成财产变卖程序后，可向法院申请向执行人作出支付。若变卖所得不足以支付执行额，执行的司法程序仍会继续进行截止完全支付执行额止。
In the recognition judicial procedure, the Court is required to summon the respondent. Generally speaking, after the summons is completed, if there is no opposition, it will take approximately half a year to complete the recognition judicial procedure. After the recognition judicial procedure is completed, the enforcement judicial procedure can be immediately initiated and the seizure of all assets in Macau of the person subject to enforcement can be applied to the Court. After completing the seizure of all assets in Macau of the person subject to enforcement, the Court is required to inform the person subject to enforcement of the enforcement application and the seizure of all his/her/its assets in Macau so that he/she/it can raise any opposition. If there is no opposition, it will generally take approximately half a year to a year to carry out related assets sale procedure. After completing the assets sale procedure, the executor can apply to the Court for payment. If the proceeds from the said sale are not enough to pay the enforcement amount, the enforcement judicial procedure will continue until the enforcement amount is fully paid.
（四）如果没有异议，认可和执行外国或内地民商事判决的费用（包括法院费用和其他支出）大约是多少？
What is the approximate cost of recognition and enforcement of a foreign or a Chinese Mainland civil and commercial judgment (including court fees and other disbursements) if unopposed?
如果没有异议，一般情况下，与认可的司法程序相关之法院费用约为澳门币几千元，其他支出应不超过澳门币几千元。执行的司法程序之法院费用和其他支出（包括倘有的登记费等政府费用）需要按照执行利益值计算，如果没有异议，一般情况下，法院费用和其他支出（包括倘有的登记费等政府费用）至少为澳门币几千至几万元。
If there is no opposition, in general, related Court fees with the recognition judicial procedure are approximately several thousand Patacas, and other disbursements should not exceed several thousand Patacas. The Court fees and other disbursements of the enforcement judicial procedure (including government fees such as registration fees, if any) need to be calculated according to the enforcement value. If there is no opposition, in general, related Court fees and other disbursements (including government fees such as registration fees, if any) will be at least several thousand to tens of thousands of Patacas.
（五）*如果有异议，认可和执行外国或内地民商事判决的费用(包括法院费用和其他支出)大约是多少?
What is the approximate cost of recognition and enforcement of a foreign or a Chinese Mainland civil and commercial judgment (including court fees and other disbursements) if opposed?
在认可的司法程序中，如果被申请人针对认可的申请提出异议，与认可的司法程序相关之法院费用至少为澳门币几千元，最终的法院费用将取决于异议所主张的事宜之利益值，一般情况下，其他支出应不超过澳门币几千元。在执行的司法程序中，如果被执行人针对执行的申请及查封财产等事宜提出异议，最终的法院费用将取决于异议所主张的事宜及执行之利益值，一般情况下，法院费用和其他支出（包括倘有的登记费等政府费用）至少为澳门币几千至几万元。
In the recognition judicial procedure, if the respondent raises an opposition to the application for such recognition, Court fees related to the recognition judicial procedure will be at least several thousand Patacas. The Court fees will ultimately depend on the value of the matters claimed in the said opposition. In general, other disbursements should not exceed several thousand Patacas. In the enforcement judicial procedure, if the person subject to enforcement raises an opposition for the enforcement application and the seizure of all his/her/its assets in Macau, related Court fees will ultimately depend on the matters claimed in such opposition and the enforcement value. In general, related Court fees and other disbursements (including government fees such as registration fees, if any) will be at least several thousand to tens of thousands of Patacas.
（六）在澳门认可和执行外国或内地民商事判决方面是否存在特殊困难？
Are there any unusual difficulties in the recognition and enforcement of a foreign or a Chinese Mainland civil and commercial judgment in Macau?
在认可的司法程序中，拟认可的澳门以外之民商事判决的司法程序中之倘有瑕疵、澳门法院具专属管辖权审理的诉讼（在澳门之不动产的物权有关之诉讼、住所在澳门之法人破产或无偿还能力之诉讼等）、公共政策等例外（如涉赌博判决）也可能适用。在认可的司法程序中，若涉及需要将相关文书内容翻译成澳门正式语文（中文及葡文）的情况，特别耗时费力。完成认可的司法程序后，在执行的司法程序中，被执行人或第三人可针对执行的申请及查封财产等事宜提出异议，常见的异议主要涉及被查封的财产之所有权事宜，屬此情況，澳门法院需要按照具体案情，针对该异议作出裁判，针对该裁判可提出上诉。
In the recognition judicial procedure, issues such as defective process for civil and commercial judgments outside Macau to be recognized, lawsuits that Macau Courts have exclusive jurisdiction (lawsuits related to property rights of immovable property in Macau, lawsuits for bankruptcy or insolvency of legal persons domiciled in Macau, etc.), public policy (such as gambling-related judgments), etc. may also be raised. In the recognition judicial procedure, it is particularly time-consuming in case translation of relevant documents into one of the Macau official languages (Chinese and Portuguese languages) is required. After completing the recognition judicial procedure, in the enforcement judicial procedure, the person subject to enforcement or a third party may raise opposition for the enforcement application and the seizure of all his/her/its assets in Macau, etc. Common opposition mainly involves the ownership related to seized assets. In this case, the Macau Court is required to make a judgment on the said opposition on a case-by-case basis, and appeals may be filed against such judgment.
（七）在澳门可以认可和执行的外国或内地民商事判决类型有哪些？
Which types of foreign or the Chinese mainland civil and commercial judgments can be recognized and enforced in Macau?
常见的，主要涉及民商事终局金钱判决及离婚判决。若澳门以外的司法管辖区的法院在离婚判决中，同时处分了在澳门的财产，根据现行的澳门法律规定及司法见解，应先在澳门完成认可的司法程序，随后，则可按照该离婚判决的规定，分割在澳门的财产。
Common cases mainly involve final civil and commercial monetary and divorce judgments. If a Court in a jurisdiction other than Macau also disposes of assets in Macau in a divorce judgment, according to current Macau laws and Court decisions in this respect, the recognition judicial procedure shall be carried out in Macau first, and, subsequently, related assets in Macau can be divided according to such divorce judgment.
（八）在被执行人财产调查方面有什么做法和渠道？
What are the practices and channels for investigating the assets of the person subject to execution?
资产调查（包括调查被执行人在澳门的所有银行信息、保险、房产、车辆、公司等）需法院令。获得法院令前，调查限制较多，澳门律师可通过公共登记系统所获得之房产、车辆、公司等的所有人资料确认该房产、车辆、公司等是否属被执行人所有，并编写尽职调查报告以供客户作提起司法程序前的评估之用。
Asset investigation (including investigation of all bank information, insurance, real estate, vehicles, companies, etc. in Macau of the person subject to enforcement) requires a Court order. Before obtaining such Court order, there are many restrictions on this investigation. Macau lawyers can obtain information from the public registration system (such as information on the ownership of real estate, vehicles, companies, etc. to confirm whether such real estate, vehicles, companies, etc. belong to the person subject to enforcement), and prepare a due diligence report for clients' evaluation before initiating related judicial procedures.
（九） *认可和执行外国或内地民商事判决的律师收费框架和标准是什么？可否风险代理？
What is the framework and standard for attorneys’ fees for the recognition and enforcement of foreign or the Chinese mainland civil and commercial judgments? Is contingency fee possible?
通常按小时或固定收费；根据澳门法律规定，不允风险代理费。
Fees are typically hourly or fixed; contingency fees are not permitted in light of Macau laws.
二、仲裁裁决 ARBITRATION AWARDS
（一）澳门是否为《纽约公约》缔约方？
Is Macau a party to the New York Convention?
是，澳门通过中国加入适用该公约。
Yes, Macau applies the Convention via China’s accession.
（二） 如果没有异议，认可和执行外国或内地仲裁裁决大约需要多长时间？
What is the approximate time required to recognize and enforce a foreign or a Chinese Mainland arbitration award if unopposed?
请查阅第一部分“民商事判决”第3点之意见。
Please refer to the comments in point 3 of Paragraph 1 “CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL JUDGMENTS” above.
（三） 如果没有异议，认可和执行外国或内地仲裁裁决的费用（包括法院费用和其他支出）大约是多少？
What is the approximate cost of recognition and enforcement of a foreign or a Chinese Mainland arbitration award (including court fees and other disbursements) if unopposed?
请查阅第一部分“民商事判决”第4点之意见。
Please refer to the comments in point 4 of Paragraph 1 “CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL JUDGMENTS” above.
（四） *如果有异议，认可和执行外国或内地仲裁裁决的费用（包括法院费用和其他支出）大约是多少？
What is the approximate cost of recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitration award or an arbitration award of Chinese Mainland (including court fees and other disbursements) if opposed?
请查阅第一部分“民商事判决”第5点之意见。
Please refer to the comments in point 5 of Paragraph 1 “CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL JUDGMENTS” above.
（五）在澳门认可和执行外国或内地仲裁裁决方面是否存在特殊困难？
Are there any unusual difficulties in the recognition and enforcement of a foreign or a Chinese Mainland arbitration award in Macau?
请查阅第一部分“民商事判决”第6点之意见。
Please refer to the comments in point 6 of Paragraph 1 “CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL JUDGMENTS” above.
三、时效LIMITATION
（一）在澳门申请执行外国或内地民商事判决或仲裁裁决的诉讼时效是多久？
What is that limitation period of the enforcement of foreign or Chinese Mainland civil and commercial judgement or arbitration in Macau?
依《澳门民法典》，时效之一般期间为15年，时效可被中止及/或中断。一般情况下，时效因透过法院所作出的传唤或通知而中断，中断时效使已经过之时间失去作用，因此，时效期间需要重新开始计算。属因上述传唤或通知所导致的中断，时效期间在导致司法程序结束之裁判成为确定前不重新开始计算。
Under Macau’s Civil Code, the general limitation period of 15 years may be suspended and/or interrupted. Generally speaking, the limitation period is interrupted by a summons or notification made by the Court. The interruption of the limitation period makes the time that has passed ineffective, so related limitation period needs to be calculated from scratch. If the interruption is caused by the summons or notification, related limitation period will not be recalculated until the judgment that terminates the judicial procedure becomes final.
四、执行ENFORCEMENT
（一）在澳门执行外国或内地民商事判决或仲裁裁决需要提供哪些文件？
What papers will be needed for the enforcement of a foreign or a Chinese Mainland judgmentor arbitration award in Macau?
经澳门法院认可的判决/裁决、终局性证明、中/葡语译本及互惠证据（如适用）。
Recognized judgment/award by the Macau Court, proof of finality, Chinese/Portuguese translations, and reciprocity evidence (if applicable).
（二）在澳门执行外国或内地民商事判决/仲裁裁决的一般流程和主要方式有哪些？
What is the general procedure and methods to enforce a foreign or a Chinese mainland civil and commercial judgment/arbitration award in Macau?
方式包括资产扣押（法院令）、冻结账户及房产拍卖。公司可被清算解散。
Methods include asset seizure (via Court order), garnishment (bank accounts) and property auction. Winding-up is possible for companies.
（三）如何取回执行费用和成本？
How to recover all fees and costs of enforcement?
执行的法院费用、其他与执行的司法程序有关之支出（例如刊登公示）等费用将随执行一并追讨。律师费由当事人负责。
Court fees for enforcement and other expenses related to the enforcement judicial procedure (such as publication of public notices) will be recovered as part of the enforcement. Lawyer fees shall be borne by the parties.
*关于本问卷中时间/费用估算的说明:
*Note regarding time/cost estimates throughout this questionnaire:
然而，时间和费用的估算是基于对方完全配合相关法律程序的假设，而这种情况在实践中很少发生。即使没有异议，执行工作也有可能会因立法变化或繁琐的行政程序而面临预测以外的延误。此外，由于澳门法院的诉讼具有对抗性，当涉及诉讼时，相关法律程序的实际持续时间和费用取决于当事人的诉讼策略。因此，几乎不可能提供一个通用但准确的费用/时间估算。客户应寻求逐案评估，以获得更具体准确的估算。
Time/costs estimates are based on the assumption that the other party fully cooperates with the relevant legal procedures, which rarely happens in practice. Even without opposition, enforcement may face unexpected delays due to changing legislation or bureaucratic hold-ups. Additionally, as litigation in Macau is adversarial in nature, when litigation is involved, the actual time and costs of the relevant legal procedures are in large part determined by the parties' litigation strategies. As such, it is almost impossible to provide a general but accurate cost/time estimate, and clients should instead seek a case-by-case evaluation for more specifically accurate estimates.