投资加拿大系列专题之五——加拿大钢结构预制房屋行业之监管概要(二)

As we mentioned in Part One, Chinese companies, as manufacturers, need to obtain CSA A660 certification if they want to carry out prefabricated steel structure-related business in Canada or export prefabricated steel structures to Canada.
正如我们上一篇所提到的，中国公司作为制造商，如果想在加拿大开展预制钢结构房屋的制造或将预制钢结构出口到加拿大，需要向有关机构申请获得CSA-A660的认证。
We will provide a general introduction to CSA-A660 certification, aimed at helping Chinese companies gain a better understanding of the certification, its application, and its legal requirements. However, we will not delve into specific technical standards and specifications. If you decide to expand your fabricated steel structure-related business into the North American market and require technical details, we recommend you consult a qualified Canadian building consulting agency with respect to any technical standards. Alternatively, we can recommend a qualified Canadian consulting agency to you.
为了中国的公司对这个认证及申请和要求有更好的了解，我们将在此对CSA-A660以及该认证的申请和要求做一个简单的介绍。我们的讨论将局限于CSA-A660的申请及法律要求，但不涉及某一个特别或具体的技术标准。如果您决定启动该方案进一步推动预制钢结构在北美市场的拓展，就相关的技术标准，我们建议您咨询加拿大符合资格的建筑咨询机构或我们向您推荐加拿大符合资格的建筑咨询机构。
The following is a list of frequently asked questions about the CSA-A660 application and requirements, presented in a question-and-answer format.
以下是关于CSA-A660认证申请及要求的一些常见问题，我们以问答的形式展示给大家。
1.What is a Steel Building System?什么是钢结构系统?
According to the CSA Standard, a steel building system (SBS) features steel for the structural components plus related accessories engineered and designed as a total building system. The building exterior is not limited to steel products, but can be built to suit the owner’s requirements for masonry, brick, steel, fabric or a combination of these materials. These building systems are fabricated by the manufacturer at a central location and supplied to builders across Canada. The manufacturer is responsible for the structural design and fabrication of the building system, and the builder is responsible for the erection and related work.
根据 CSA 标准，钢建筑系统 (SBS) 采用钢材作为结构部件以及相关配件，作为一个整体建筑系统进行工程和设计。建筑外观不仅限于钢材，还可以根据业主的要求建造砖石、砖块、钢材、织物或这些材料的组合。这些建筑系统由制造商在中心位置制造，并供应给加拿大各地的建筑商。制造商负责建筑系统的结构设计和制造，建筑商负责安装和相关工作。
2.What is CSA-A660 Certification? CSA-A660认证是什么？
The CSA-A660 Standard was developed to assist code enforcement officials in reviewing building permit submissions incorporating steel building systems, and to help purchasers receive a quality certified building. The CSA-A660 Standard requires that the manufacturers’ production facilities, staff and quality assurance systems be certified by an independent certification agency. As part of the CSA-A660 compliance, the manufacturer will provide a “Certificate of Design and Manufacturing Conformance” signed and sealed by a licensed Professional Engineer for each building project.
CSA-A660 标准的制定是为了协助执法官员审查包含钢建筑系统的建筑许可证提交，并帮助购买者获得经过质量认证的建筑。CSA-A660标准要求制造商的生产设施、员工和质量保证体系必须经过独立认证机构的认证。作为 CSA-A660 合规性的一部分，制造商将为每个建筑项目提供由持证专业工程师签署并盖章的“设计和制造一致性证书”。
Since the designer of the steel building system is also the seller, there is no independent third-party representing the interests of the public. The audit and certification requirements of the Standard ensure that the SBS manufacturer is complying with the applicable building codes and design standards, and the public is protected.
由于钢结构建筑系统的设计者同时也是卖方，因此不存在代表公众利益的独立第三方。该标准的审核和认证要求确保 SBS 制造商遵守适用的建筑规范和设计标准，并保护公众。
3.What are the main legal regulations that need to be followed when applying for CSA-A660 certification?申请CSA-A660认证所需要遵循的主要法律规范是什么？
The National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) is a set of model regulations and standards developed by the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes (CCBFC) to govern the design, construction, renovation, and occupancy of buildings throughout Canada.
加拿大国家建筑规范 (NBCC) 是由加拿大建筑和消防规范委员会 (CCBFC) 制定的一套示范法规和标准，用于管理加拿大各地建筑物的设计、施工、翻新和使用。
The NBCC aims to ensure the health, safety, accessibility, and structural integrity of buildings in Canada. It provides comprehensive guidelines and requirements for building design, construction methods, materials, and systems to mitigate risks and enhance building performance.
NBCC旨在确保加拿大建筑物的健康、安全、可达性和结构完整性。它为建筑设计、施工方法、材料和系统提供了全面的指南和要求，以降低风险并提高建筑性能。
The NBCC applies to all types of buildings and structures, including residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and high-rise buildings. It provides guidance for architects, engineers, builders, contractors, building officials, and other stakeholders involved in the construction industry.
NBCC 适用于所有类型的建筑物和构筑物，包括住宅、商业、工业、机构和高层建筑。它为建筑师、工程师、建筑商、承包商、建筑官员和建筑行业的其他利益相关者提供指导。
The NBCC consists of various parts or volumes, each addressing specific aspects of building design and construction. These include:
Part 3: National Building Code – Addresses structural design, fire protection, accessibility, health and safety, and environmental sustainability.
Part 4: National Plumbing Code – Covers plumbing systems and fixtures, water supply, drainage, and sewage disposal.
Part 5: National Fire Code – Focuses on fire prevention, fire protection systems, emergency planning, and evacuation procedures.
Other parts may include requirements for energy efficiency, ventilation, heating, and electrical systems.
NBCC 由多个部分或卷册组成，每个部分或卷册都涉及建筑设计和施工的特定方面。这些包括：
第3 部分：国家建筑规范 – 涉及结构设计、消防、无障碍设施、健康和安全以及环境可持续性。
第4 部分：国家管道规范 – 涵盖管道系统和固定装置、供水、排水和污水处理。
第5 部分：国家消防规范 – 重点关注火灾预防、消防系统、应急计划和疏散程序。
其他部分可能包括能源效率、通风、供暖和电气系统的要求。
While the NBCC is developed at the national level, its adoption and enforcement are the responsibility of provincial, territorial, and municipal governments. Each jurisdiction may adopt the NBCC in whole or in part and may amend or supplement the code to address local climatic, geographical, or regulatory requirements.
虽然 NBCC 是在国家层面制定的，但其适用和执行由省、地区和市政府负责。每个司法管辖区可以全部或部分采用 NBCC，并可以修改或补充该规范以满足当地的气候、地理或监管要求。
Builders and designers are required to comply with the requirements of the NBCC when planning, designing, and constructing buildings. Building officials and inspectors enforce the code's provisions through plan reviews, inspections, and compliance assessments during construction and occupancy.
建筑商和设计师在规划、设计和建造建筑物时必须遵守 NBCC 的要求。建筑官员和检查员在施工和入住期间通过计划审查、检查和合规性评估来执行规范条款。
With the publication of the 2005 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) a provision applicable to Steel Building Systems is added for the first time. Specifically, the Article is as follows: 4.3.4.3 Steel Building Systems.
在2005版的国家建筑规范（NBCC）公布之时，关于钢结构系统第一次被加入到这个规范中，主要是在其第4.3.4.3条中被提及。
According to Article 4.3.4.3, Steel Building Systems shall be manufactured by companies certified to the requirements of CSA-A660, “Certification of Manufacturers of Steel Building Systems.” This requirement has actually been in effect since June 2003, although only indirectly through a reference in CAN/CSA-S16-01 Limit States Design of Steel Structures.
根据第4.3.4.3 条，钢建筑系统应由符合 CSA-A660“钢建筑系统制造商认证”要求的公司制造。该要求实际上自 2003 年 6 月起生效，尽管只是通过 CAN/CSA-S16-01 钢结构极限状态设计中的引用间接生效。
With the widespread adoption of the 2005 NBCC and CAN/CSA-S16, it is now mandatory that all Steel Building System manufacturers supplying buildings into Canada must be certified to CSA-A660.
随着 2005 年 NBCC 和 CAN/CSA-S16 的广泛采用，现在所有向加拿大供应建筑物的钢结构建筑系统制造商都必须获得 CSA-A660 认证。
4.ISO Accreditation is not same as CSA-A660 /ISO认证与CSA-A660认证不同
ISO certification of companies does not satisfy the requirements of CSA-A660. ISO certification only verifies that a company can manufacture a product consistently, it does not address the suitability of that product, or if that product (i.e. a steel building system) has been designed in accordance with the applicable codes, or whether the staff are qualified to undertake the work. The CSA-A660 certification includes a quality control audit, like ISO, but in addition, undertakes an engineering design and personnel audit.
公司的ISO认证不符合CSA-A660的要求。ISO 认证仅验证公司是否能够始终如一地制造产品，并不解决该产品的适用性，或者该产品（即钢结构建筑系统）是否按照适用规范进行设计，或者员工是否合格承担这项工作。CSA-A660 认证包括与 ISO 类似的质量控制审核，但此外还进行工程设计和人员审核。
5.Which organization has the authority to grant CSA-A660 certification?哪个机构有权许可CSA-A660认证?
The institution responsible for the approval of CSA-A660 certification in Canada is the Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB). The CWB is accredited by the Standards Council of Canada (SCC) as a Certification Body (CB) and is authorized to administer certification programs for manufacturers of steel building systems, including CSA-A660 certification.
加拿大负责批准CSA-A660认证的机构是加拿大焊接局（CWB）。CWB 是经加拿大标准委员会 (SCC) 认可的认证机构 (CB)，并被授权管理钢建筑系统制造商的认证计划，包括 CSA-A660 认证。
As an accredited certification body, the Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB) conducts assessments and audits of steel building system manufacturers to verify compliance with the CSA-A660 standard's requirements. This includes evaluating organizations' design, fabrication, quality control, and documentation processes to ensure they meet the standard's criteria.
作为认可的认证机构，加拿大焊接局 (CWB) 对钢建筑系统制造商进行评估和审核，以验证其是否符合 CSA-A660 标准的要求。这包括评估申请者的设计、制造、质量控制和文档流程，以确保它们满足标准中指定的要求。
Complying with the CSA-A660 Standard ensures that the manufacturer has been audited to the following items: (a) personnel; (b) design and engineering; (c) materials control; (d) fabrication; (e) warehousing, packaging and shipping; (f) erection responsibility; and (g) plant quality program.
遵守 CSA-A660 标准要求制造商已接受以下项目的审核：(a) 人员；(b) 设计和工程；(c) 材料控制；(d) 组装；(e) 仓储、包装和运输；(f) 安装责任；(g) 工厂质量计划。
The CWB assesses applicants' compliance with the CSA-A660 standard through a thorough review of documentation, on-site audits, inspections, and verification of quality management systems. Upon successful completion of the assessment process and compliance with all requirements, the CWB grants CSA-A660 certification to eligible manufacturers.
CWB 通过彻底审查文件、现场审核、检查和质量管理体系验证来评估申请人是否符合 CSA-A660 标准。在成功完成评估过程并符合所有要求后，CWB 向符合条件的制造商授予 CSA-A660 认证。
The CSA-A660 certification administered by the Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB) provides assurance to stakeholders, including builders, contractors, and regulatory authorities, that certified manufacturers of steel building systems meet established standards for quality, safety, and compliance with industry regulations. This certification is essential for manufacturers seeking to demonstrate their commitment to excellence and compete in the Canadian market for steel building components and systems.
由加拿大焊接局 (CWB) 管理的 CSA-A660 认证向利益相关者（包括建筑商、承包商和监管机构）提供保证，确保经过认证的钢建筑系统制造商符合既定的质量、安全标准，并遵守行业法规。对于寻求证明其卓越承诺并在加拿大钢建筑组件和系统市场竞争的制造商来说，该认证至关重要。
6.What are the Specific technical requirements with respect to the building and structural steel by CWB? 由加拿大焊接局开展的建筑物及钢结构相关的技术认证包括哪些？
Buildings and structures falling under the jurisdiction of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) – and its Provincial versions – must be welded by CWB Certified companies.
属于加拿大国家建筑规范 (NBCC) 及其省级版本管辖范围内的建筑物和结构必须由 CWB 认证的公司进行焊接。
Neither the National nor the Provincial Building Codes have any direct reference to welding certification. The requirements for welding certification of fabricators and erectors are done via the mandatory requirement in the NBCC that specific design standards shall be used for design of all structural steel.
国家和省级建筑规范都没有直接提及焊接认证。制造商和安装商的焊接认证要求是通过 NBCC 中的强制性要求来完成的，即所有钢结构的设计均应使用特定的设计标准。
Further, these specified design standards have clear provisions for mandatory welding certification required for fabricators and erectors conducting any work in accordance to the National Building Code of Canada. Below are the references in the NBCC to the design standards:
此外，这些指定的设计标准对根据加拿大国家建筑规范进行任何工作的制造商和安装商所需的强制性焊接认证有明确的规定。以下是 NBCC 中对设计标准的引用：
➢Section 4.3.4.1 of NBCC states "Buildings and their structural members made of structural steel shall conform to CAN/CSA S16-09, Design of Steel Structures"
NBCC 第4.3.4.1 节规定“由钢结构制成的建筑物及其结构构件应符合 CAN/CSA S16-09，钢结构设计”
➢Section 4.3.4.2 of NBCC states that "Buildings and their structural members made of cold formed steel shall conform to CSA A136, North American Specification for the Design of Cold Formed Steel Structural Members".
NBCC 第4.3.4.2 节规定“由冷弯型钢制成的建筑物及其结构构件应符合CSA A136，北美冷弯型钢结构构件设计规范”。
➢Section 4.3.3.3.1 of NBCC states that "Buildings and their structural members made of plain, reinforced or prestressed concrete shall conform to CSA A23.3, Design of Concrete Structures".
NBCC 第4.3.3.3.1 节规定“由普通混凝土、钢筋混凝土或预应力混凝土制成的建筑物及其结构构件应符合CSA A23.3，混凝土结构设计”。
➢Section 4.3.3.3.1 of NBCC states that "Buildings and their structural members made of aluminum shall conform to CSA 157, Strength Design in Aluminum".
NBCC 第4.3.3.3.1 节规定“铝制建筑物及其结构构件应符合CSA 157，铝强度设计”。
➢Section 4.3.5.1 of NBCC states that "Steel Building Systems shall be manufactured by companies certified in accordance with the requirements of CSA A660, Certification of Manufacturers of Steel Building Systems".
NBCC 第4.3.5.1 节规定“钢结构建筑系统应由根据CSA-A660（钢结构建筑系统制造商认证）要求进行认证的公司制造”。
➢CSA A660, CSA S16, CSA A23.3, CSA A136 and CSA S157 have mandatory provisions requiring fabricators and erectors to be CWB certified to one of the following standards:
CSA Standard W47.1 "Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding of Steel"
CSA Standard W47.2 "Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding of Aluminum"
CSA Standard W186 "Welding of Reinforcing Bars in Reinforced Concrete Construction"
CSA Standard W55.3 "Certification of Companies for Resistance Welding of Steel and Aluminum"
CSA A660、CSA S16、CSA A23.3、CSA A136 和 CSA S157 具有强制性规定，要求制造商和安装商获得符合以下标准之一的 CWB 认证：
• CSA 标准 W47.1“钢熔焊公司认证”
• CSA 标准 W47.2“铝熔焊公司认证”
• CSA 标准 W186“钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋的焊接”
• CSA 标准 W55.3“钢和铝电阻焊接公司认证”
为了便于阅读，CWB 制定了一份反映 NBCC 与焊接认证之间联系的文件。
In addition, obtaining CSA-A660 certification also requires meeting a series of other technical requirements.
除此之外，CSA-A660认证的取得还需要满足其他一系列的技术要求。
7.How long does the entire application process take if an applicant meets the requirements?如果申请人符合要求，整个申请过程需要多长时间？
The application process to expand into the North American prefabricated steel structure market takes approximately one and a half to two years. We recommend that companies interested in this area prepare in advance considering its complexity.
整个申请过程大概需要1年半到2年的时间。考虑到申请流程的复杂性，我们建议有意拓展北美预制钢结构市场的公司提前准备。