中国外资准入管理的变化和发展——LNG市场视角

一、外资准入管理方式的沿革和发展趋势
The Evolution and Development Trend of Management Methods regarding Foreign Investment Access
1. 目录管理+特殊行业特殊程序管理
Catalogue Management and Special Procedure Management on Special Industries
1979年7月1日，《中外合资经营企业法》出台，这部法律为我国打开国门、引进外资提供了具有开创性和奠基性的法制安排，是中国对外开放的里程碑之一。其后，中国又陆续出台了《外资企业法》、《中外合作经营企业法》、《外商投资合伙企业登记管理规定》。1995年，《外商投资产业指导目录》开始实施。这份被称为“正面清单”的目录，规定了外商投资四大类，包括鼓励类、允许类、限制类和禁止类，成了对外商投资指导的主要文件。
The "Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures Law" promulgated on July 1, 1979, which provides creative and fundamental legal arrangements for China to open its doors and introduce foreign investments, is one of the milestones for China's opening up. Since then, China has successively promulgated the “Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises Law", the "Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Law" and the "Provisions on the Administration of Registration of Foreign-funded Partnership Enterprises". In 1995, the "Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries" was implemented. The catalogue, known as the “positive list”, stipulates four categories of foreign investment, including encouraged, permitted, restricted and prohibited, and has become the main document of guidance for foreign investments.
2017年6月28日，国家发展改革委、商务部发布了《外商投资产业指导目录（2017年修订）》。在这次修订中，再次推进了重点领域的开放，同时提出外商投资准入负面清单，突出“负面清单”特点，调整优化《外商投资产业指导目录》结构，继续稳定鼓励政策。在这次《目录》的修订中，也对限制外商投资产业目录做出了规定，与油气产业相关的领域主要体现为 “石油、天然气（含煤层气，油页岩、油砂、页岩气等除外）的勘探、开发（限于合资、合作）”以及“城市人口 50 万以上的城市燃气、热力和供排水管网的建设、经营（中方控股）”，仍然属于限制外商投资的范畴。
On June 28, 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Commerce issued the “Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries (2017 Revision)”. The revision promotes the opening of key areas again, proposes the negative list for foreign investment access at the same time, highlights the characteristics of the “negative list”, adjusts and optimizes the structure of “Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries”, and keeps stabilizing incentive policies. The revision of “Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries” also regulates restrictions on the foreign investment industries catalogue. The fields in relation to the oil and gas industry are mainly embodied in the “exploration and development of oil and natural gas (including coalbed gas, excluding oil shale, oil sands, shale gas, etc.) (only in the form of equity joint venture and cooperative joint venture)” and “construction and operation of urban gas, heat supply and water supply, and drainage networks with an urban population of 500,000 and above (controlling shares to be held by Chinese party)”, which are still within the scope of restricting foreign investments.
总体来说，《外商投资产业指导目录》曾经是中国外资市场准入监管的核心方法，同时在目录的调整和修改中给予了外资在中国市场准入更大的施展空间，为进一步开放创造了条件。当然这一核心方法也将在中国的外商投资体制进一步改革和升级中逐渐被替代（具体参见下文）。
In general, the "Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries" used to be the core method for regulating market access of foreign investment in China. Meanwhile, the adjustment and revision of the catalogue provides more space for foreign investments to gain access to the Chinese market to develop, which creates conditions for further opening up. It is clear that this core method will be gradually replaced in the further reform and upgrade of China's foreign investment system (see below for details).
在外资准入目录管理的基础上，针对特殊产业领域，不同行业主管部门在行业管理的法律体系中曾经陆续出台了特殊外资准入程序监管的规定，例如《外商投资电信企业管理规定》、《中外合作办学条例》、《外商投资国际海运业管理规定》。需要注意的是，这些规定既体现了立法当时相关行业外资市场准入的监管角度也有准入过程中的行业主管部门行政程序细化的角度，而随着行业准入体系的变动，这些规定都存在着做出进一步调整的必要性。
On the basis of management of foreign investments access catalogues, in respect of special industry sectors, the competent departments of different industries successively issued regulations on supervising access procedures of special foreign investments in the legal system of industry management, such as the “Administrative Provisions on Foreign-invested Telecommunications Enterprises”, “Regulations on Establishment and Operation of Sino-Foreign Cooperative Educational Institutions” and “Provisions on Administration of Foreign Investment in International Maritime Transportation”. It should be noted that these regulations not only reflect the regulatory perspective of the access to foreign investment markets in the relevant industries at the time of legislation, but also the elaboration of administrative procedures of industry authorities in the process of access. There exists the necessity for further adjustment for these regulations with variations of the industry access system.
2. 负面清单（Negative List）的试验和推广
Test and Promotion of the Negative List
在《外商投资产业指导目录》中限制性措施不断减少的同时，为了更好的适应市场的需要，在2013年，伴随着中国（上海）自由贸易试验区的落地，“负面清单”首次进入中国的外资管理视野。上海自贸区在制度创新上亮点颇多，特别是他们在中国率先实施以负面清单为核心的外商投资管理模式，减少对外商投资的准入限制，简化准入管理，为中国进一步的对外开放积累了可贵的经验。
With the continuous decrease of restrictive measures in the "Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries", in order to better meet the needs of the market, in 2013, along with the landing of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, the "negative list" entered the sight of China’s foreign investment management for the first time. The Shanghai Free Trade Zone highlights system innovation, especially taking the lead in conducting foreign investment management mode with the “negative list” as the core in China, reduces restrictions on the access for foreign investments, and simplifies access management, which accumulates valuable experience for China’s further opening up to the world.
“负面清单管理模式”是国际范围内在投资和贸易领域都有较广泛应用的一种监管、规制手段。负面清单制订通常以国家安全、产业安全、幼稚产业保护、环境保护等为基础考虑标准。负面清单管理模式的导向对于市场主体而言是“法无禁止即可为”，对于政府来说“法无授权即禁止”。对中国的外资市场准入，在上海自贸区实践的基础上，随着自贸区实践的推广，负面清单制度也成为在国家层面集中统一协调的一个事项，国务院办公厅、国家发改委和商务部分别在2015年、2017年和2018年发布过《自由贸易试验区外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）》。与此同时，在中央层面，国家发改委和商务部也于2018年更新了《外商投资准入特别管理措施（负面清单）》，在全国范围内进一步巩固了负面清单管理模式。2018中央层面的负面清单对于油气产业相关的领域在外商投资准入的限制延续了2017《外商投资产业指导目录》的原则。值得注意的是，相比于之前两年的自贸区负面清单，2018年的自贸区负面清单虽然保留了“城市人口 50 万以上的城市燃气、热力和供排水管网的建设、经营（中方控股）”，但是删除了“对中国专属经济区和大陆架的自然资源进行勘查、开发活动或在中国大陆架上为任何目的进行钻探，须经中国政府批准”以及“石油、天然气（含油页岩、油砂、页岩气、煤层气等非常规油气）的勘探、开发，限于合资、合作”，在这个领域的市场准入和项目合作有待结合《中华人民共和国对外合作开采陆上石油资源条例》、《中华人民共和国对外合作开采海洋石油资源条例》另外做出分析。
The “negative list management mode” is a kind of supervising and regulating method that has been widely used in the field of investment and trade in the world. Negative list formulation usually considers standards based on national security, industrial security, protection of infant industries and environmental protection. The orientation of the “negative list management mode” is “everything is permitted without law prohibition” for the market participants, and “everything is prohibited without law authorization” for the government. As for the market access of foreign investment in China, on the basis of the practice of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, with the promotion of the practice of the Free Trade Zones, the “negative list” system has been raised to be a coordinated issue at the national level. The General Office of the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Commerce issued the “Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access in Pilot Free Trade Zones” respectively in 2015, 2017 and 2018. In the meantime, at the central level, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Commerce also updated the “Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access in 2018, as further consolidation of the “negative list management mode” nationwide. The restriction on foreign investment access in the fields relating to the oil and gas industry in the central level “negative list” in 2018 follows the principle as stipulated in the “Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries” in 2017. It is worth noting that, compared with the “negative list” of the previous two years in the Free Trade Zones, although the “negative list” in 2018 retains the construction and operation of urban gas, heat supply and water supply, and drainage networks with an urban population of 500,000 and above (controlling shares to be held by Chinese party), deleted “exploration and development of natural resources of China’s exclusive economic zones and continental shelf or drilling on China’s continental shelf for any purpose shall be subject to approval by Chinese Government”, and “exploration and development of oil and natural gas (including coalbed gas, excluding oil shale, oil sands, shale gas, etc.) (only in the form of equity joint venture and cooperative joint venture)”, market access and project cooperation in this field is to be analyzed separately in conjunction with the "Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Cooperation in Exploitation of Onshore Petroleum Resources" and "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Exploitation of Offshore Petroleum Resources in Cooperation with Foreign Enterprises".
已于2018年12月公布的《外商投资法（草案）》也进一步确立了负面清单制度的原则“负面清单规定禁止投资的领域，外国投资者不得投资。外商投资准入负面清单规定限制投资的领域，外国投资者进行投资应当符合负面清单规定的条件。外商投资准入负面清单以外的领域，按照内外资一致的原则实施管理。”。
The “Foreign Investment Law (Draft)” published in December, 2018 also further establishes principles of the “negative list” system, which is “Foreign investors shall not invest in any field with investment prohibited by the negative list for foreign investment access. Foreign investors shall meet the investment conditions stipulated under the “negative list” for any field with investment restricted by the “negative list” for foreign investment access. For the fields not mentioned in the “negative list” for foreign investment access, management shall be conducted under the principle of consistency of domestic and foreign investment.”
可预见的是，在《外商投资法》正式出台和生效后，负面清单制度将全面替代目录管理制度，而负面清单预计将采用“国务院发布或者批准发布”的形式。
It is foreseeable that the “negative list” system will completely replace the catalogue management system, and the “negative list” is expected to adopt the form of “promulgation or approval promulgation of the State Council” after the “Foreign Investment Law” is and comes into force.
3. 外商投资项目核准和备案以及国家安全审查制度
Foreign Investment Project Approval and Filing System and National Security Censorship System
投资项目政府核准制度和国家安全审查制度都是中国在投资、市场监督、规制体系中的重要单元，其形成和发展不限于外商投资领域。这两项制度的法制源头分别是《国务院关于投资体制改革的决定》、《中共中央国务院关于深化投融资体制改革的意见》、《反垄断法》和《国家安全法》，监督和规制的重点包括资源配置的宏观调控、环境影响评价、涉及公共产品或服务的价格、国家安全相关的区域、资源、设施、产品和技术等。
The government approval system for investment projects and the national security censorship system are important units of China's investment, market supervision and regulation system, the formation and development of which are not limited to the field of foreign investment. The legal origins of the aforementioned two systems are the "Decision of the State Council on Investment System Reform", "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Investment and Financing System", "Anti-Monopoly Law" and "National Security Law", and the key points of supervision and regulation contain macro-control of resource allocation, environmental impact assessment, prices related to public goods or services, and areas, resources, facilities, products and technologies, etc. related to national security.
外商投资项目管理更具体而言，在第1和2部分介绍的目录管理和负面清单管理的基础上，还有《政府核准的投资项目目录》、《外商投资项目核准和备案管理办法》作为具体实施依据。这一制度覆盖了各种类型的外商投资企业设立、变更相关的投融资项目，以及所有适用政府核准的外商投融资项目。
More specifically, in the management of foreign investment projects, there still exists the “Government-approved Investment Project Catalogue” and “Administrative Measures on Approval and Filing for Foreign Investment Projects” as the basis for implementation on the basis of the catalogue management and “negative list” management introduced in Parts 1 and 2. The system covers various types of investment and financing projects related to the establishment and adjustment of foreign-invested enterprises, as well as all foreign investment and financing projects applicable to government approval.
国家安全审查制度在外资市场准入领域目前主要以《国务院办公厅关于建立外国投资者并购境内企业安全审查制度的通知》、《商务部实施外国投资者并购境内企业安全审查制度的规定》、《国务院办公厅关于印发自由贸易试验区外商投资国家安全审查试行办法的通知》等为具体实施依据。
In the field of foreign investment market access, the national security censorship system is mainly in accordance with the “Notice of the General Office of State Council on Establishment of Security Review System Pertaining to Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors”, and the “Provisions of Ministry of Commerce on Implementation of Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors”, and “Notice of the General Office of State Council on Promulgation of the Trial Measures on National Security Review for Foreign Investments in Pilot Free Trade Zones”.
已公布的《外商投资法（草案）》也吸纳了以上两项制度，并且就外商投资安全审查制度来看没有再限于外资并购安全审查的角度，应该也是综合了《反垄断法》和《国家安全法》这些上位法的监管视角，具体机制的细化和整合有待该法正式出台后继续跟进。
The published “Foreign Investment Law (Draft)” also incorporates the above two systems, and the foreign investment security censorship system is not limited to the perspective of security censorship for foreign M&A, which might combine the supervision view of these superordinate laws, the “Anti-Monopoly Law” and “National Security Law”. We will follow up with the elaboration and integration of the specific system after the official promulgation of such law.
二、LNG(Liquified Natural Gas，液化天然气)的业务链条——以LNG接收站为例
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Business Chain - LNG Terminal as Example
2017年起，我国LNG进口量前所未有的激增，根据国际能源署（IEA）联合上海石油天然气交易中心发布的《天然气市场报告2018(GAS2018)》，2019年，中国将成为全球最大的天然气进口国，到2023年，中国天然气进口量可能达到1710亿立方米。在国际天然气产品贸易和物流解决方案中，管道运输和交付以及LNG运输和交付是两种主要方案，以中国的天然气贸易发展趋势来看，LNG将持续占有重要份额。
Since 2017, China's LNG imports have had an unprecedented and dramatic increase. According to the “Natural Gas Market Report 2018 (GAS 2018)” issued by the International Energy Agency (IEA) together with the Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange, China will become the world's largest natural gas importer in 2019. By 2023, China's natural gas imports may reach 171 billion cubic meters. Transportation and delivery through pipelines and those by LNG are two major solutions for trade and logistics of natural gas products. LNG will continue occupying significant shares from the development trend of natural gas trade in China.
1. 独立业务型LNG接收站vs支持型LNG接收站
Independent Business LNG Terminal VS Supported LNG Terminal
LNG接收站，是指与LNG运输设备对接卸载、加注装置、码头作业区和中转LNG储存装置的整体系统。实务中主体的LNG接收站是作为海运、河运LNG运输船连接节点的重要贸易、物流基础设施，通常以港口的危险货物码头为基础，技术解决方案上也可能包含水上浮式LNG加注、存储装置。LNG接收站既有可能是LNG国际业务链条中的一个独立单元，即在LNG运输到达进出口等关键贸易节点时，以LNG接收站系统的运行为一种服务能力参与转口贸易、进出口贸易、到岸/离岸和进出口环节的运输和仓储服务等。在这一业务单元中，还有可能附加中小型LNG运输船、LNG槽车等运输设备、设施的服务能力。另一方面，LNG接收站也可能是更大规模的LNG乃至石油化工、能源产业、城市公共事业的一个中间环节，更多作为项目运营方业主码头的设施发挥对于LNG支持城市燃气管网运营、天然气燃气发电或石油化工生产等方面的支持作用。
The LNG terminal refers to the overall system of docking and unloading, refueled device, the dock working area, and LNG storage device for delivery using LNG transportation equipment. Main LNG terminals in practice are an important infrastructure of trade and logistics, serving connection points of LNG tankers in sea and river transportation, which is usually based on the dangerous goods wharf of port. The technical solution may also contain floating LNG filling and storage devices. The LNG terminal may be an independent unit in the LNG international business chain, namely at the arrival of LNG transportation to the key spots of trade, such as import and export, the operation of the LNG terminal system can be considered as a type of service capability participating in transit trade, import and export trade, and transportation and storage services for arrival and departure, and import and export parts. The service capabilities of transportation equipment and facilities such as small and medium-sized LNG tankers and LNG tank cars may be added into this business unit. As another option, LNG terminal may also become an intermediate link of larger-scale LNG, petrochemical, energy industrial projects, and urban public utilities, as facilities of project operating party’s own wharf, playing mainly a role in supporting the operation of the urban gas pipeline network, power generation with natural gas or petrochemical production, etc.
2. 外商投资准入管理和项目管理
Foreign Investment Access Management and Project Management
对于LNG接收站的外商投资行为，首先应当从以上提及的LNG接收站产业功能入手，相应区分LNG接收站相关的外商投资企业经营范围属性和外商投资项目属性。
As for the foreign investment activities in a LNG terminal, the nature of the foreign-invested enterprise’s business scope and foreign-invested project in relation to the LNG terminal should be clarified according to the aforementioned industry function of a LNG terminal first.
仅就LNG接收站涉及的经营范围事项，可能包括LNG转口贸易、进出口贸易、LNG海上加注服务（相当于零售业务）、LNG运输船到岸/离岸及码头作业区港口码头作业服务以及分装运输服务、LNG海上/陆上仓储服务（含保税/非保税）、LNG陆上槽车运输服务等。如果不涉及继续延展到城市人口 50 万以上的城市燃气管网的建设和经营，那么这些经营事项并未涉及外资准入目录管理或负面清单管理中禁止或限制外商投资的事项。
Merely regarding the business scope in relation to a LNG terminal, it may include LNG’s transit trades, import and export trades, LNG maritime filling services (equivalent to retail business), arrival and departure services, and operating services relating to port and wharf operation areas, and sub-package transportation services, LNG offshore and onshore storage services (including bonded and non-bonded), LNG onshore tank car transportation services, etc. If these business activities do not refer to the construction and operation of urban gas pipeline networks that continue to extend to cities with urban populations of 500,000 and above, they will not be related to prohibited or restricted items for foreign investments under foreign investment access management or “negative list” management.
在项目核准和备案管理体系中，LNG接收站系统中的核心项目目前落入政府核准项目目录管理范围：“进口液化天然气接收、储运设施：新建（含异地扩建）项目由国务院行业管理部门核准，其中新建接收储运能力300万吨及以上的项目由国务院投资主管部门核准并报国务院备案。其余项目由省级政府核准。”
In the project approval and filing management system, the core project of the LNG terminal system currently falls within the scope of government approval project catalogue management: “Imported LNG receiving, storage and transportation facilities: Newly-established projects (including expansion projects in other regions) shall be approved by the industrial administrative department under the State Council, in which newly-established projects with the reception and storage capacity of 3 million tons or above shall be approved by the competent investment department under the State Council and filed with the State Council. Other projects shall be approved by the provincial governments concerned."
3. 安全审查制度的适用
Application of the Security Censorship System
目前比较成熟的安全审查制度主要适用于外资并购项目和自贸区内的外商直接、间接投资项目，具体而言，自贸区内的外资安全审查制度相对于普遍适用的外资并购安全审查制度延展到了一般形态的“外国投资者单独或与其他投资者共同投资新建项目或设立企业”和“外国投资者通过协议控制、代持、信托、再投资、境外交易、租赁、认购可转换债券等方式投资”等外商参与投资的特殊形态。并且在自贸区内外商直接、间接参与投资“重要能源和资源、重要基础设施、重要运输服务”项目均原则上纳入了安全审查制度的适用范围。
The current relatively matured security censorship system is mainly applicable to foreign-invested M&A projects and foreign direct and indirect investment projects in the Free Trade Zone. Specifically, compared with the universally applicable security censorship system on foreign investment M&A, the security censorship system on foreign investments in the Free Trade Zone is extended to the general forms that “foreign investors invest in newly-established projects or set up enterprises alone or with other investors”, and the special forms that “foreign investors invest in the methods of agreement control, entrustment shareholding, trust, reinvestment, overseas transactions, leasing, subscription of convertible bonds, etc.”. In addition, that foreign investors invest directly and indirectly in projects of “important energy and resources, important infrastructures and important transportation services” in the Free Trade Zone is in principle included in the scope of application of the security censorship system.
4. LNG接收站的综合管理和体制改革视角
Perspectives of Integrated Management and Institutional Reform of LNG Terminals
中国目前已建成并运行的LNG接收站项目在20家左右，其中的外商参与投资极其有限。回顾历史发展，目前运行中的LNG接收站还主要是大型石油化工以及城市公用事业项目的附属设施定位，在LNG国际贸易中的独立中间服务定位还不够清晰，特别是公共服务定位。但是，我们也已经看到国家和中国核心能源企业对于LNG接收站建设和改造对于中国在LNG国际贸易和物流节点影响力的提升提出了期望和战略规划。同时，由于LNG属于危险化学品，LNG接收站的建设和运行对于海洋、海事、综合交通运输及周边企业、居民的整体规划、安全、环境影响等因素在LNG接收站项目（特别是大型、超大型的）的可行性评估和项目推进中会越来越重要。
Approximately 20 LNG terminals have been built and put into operation in China, among which the participation of foreign investment is extremely limited. The LNG terminals currently in operation are mainly positioned as the auxiliary facilities of large petrochemical industry and urban public utilities projects, the position of independent intermediate services, especially the public services, in LNG international trades is not clear enough. However, we have seen that China and Chinese core energy companies have expressed expectations and strategic plans on the construction and renovation of LNG terminals for the purpose of increasing China's influence on LNG international trade and logistics nodes. In the meantime, with LNG being a hazardous chemical, factors such as impacts on overall zoning, safety and environment in relation to oceans, maritime, comprehensive transportation and the surrounding enterprises and residents arising from the construction and operation of LNG terminal projects will become more and more important on the feasibility assessment and implementation of such energy infrastructure projects, especially for those with large scale and super large scale.
除此之外，我们也必须动态地跟进中国在中央和地方行政管理体制改革中正在推进的各项措施，以国家发改委和国家能源局为例，作为中央和地方重大基础设施项目以及能源项目的综合协调部门，大型、超大型LNG接收站项目（无论是否涉及外商投资）在一段时间内无疑都将首先直接或间接面对这两个关键政府部门的规划、核准和监督管理。本文尚无法对于两个关键政府部门的未来运行机制做出准确地预测和总结，仅以附件形式综合列举并划线标识出几个相关主要司室的相关职责事项，希望有助于这一领域的市场参与主体进一步研究和明确未来的综合管理和体制改革发展趋势。
In addition, we must dynamically keep pace with China's various measures in promoting the reform of the central and local administrative systems. Taking the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration as examples, the comprehensive coordinating departments of central and local major infrastructure projects and energy projects, large-scale and super-large LNG terminal projects (whether or not referring to foreign investments) will undoubtedly, directly or indirectly, face the planning, approvals and supervisions of these two key government authorities. This article is not able to accurately predict and summarize the operational mechanisms of these two key government authorities in the future, but can only list and outline relevant responsibilities of several relevant major divisions in the form of attachments, with the hope of making contributions for market participants in this field to further study, and to clarify the development trend of integrated management and system reform in the future.
三、小 结
Summary
中国目前是LNG进口依赖国，自身的资源和产出远远没有达到自给自足乃至出口参与国际贸易的地位。世界范围的主要天然气、LNG供给国，例如卡塔尔、美国、澳大利亚、俄罗斯，以及已经有更成熟的LNG国际贸易及物流运营经验的国家，例如日本，还有传统的跨国能源公司都有参与中国LNG产业链升级特别是参与LNG接收站环节的可能性。
China is currently a LNG-import-dependent country, with resources and output far from the position of being self-sufficient and even exporting to participate in international trades. Major natural gas and LNG suppliers in the world, such as Qatar, the United States, Australia, Russia, and countries with more mature experience of LNG international trade and logistics operations (such as Japan), as well as traditional multinational energy companies, all have possibilities to participated in the upgrade of the industrial chain of China's LNG industry, especially in LNG terminals.
中国的LNG产业发展，以LNG接收站的投资、建设、运营的市场定位和政府监管角度来看，应当站在中国参与LNG国际贸易链条的升级的角度，以及引进国际化资源、资本、技术和运营经验并且综合存量和增量资产的优化利用的角度。无论是在外资准入还是能源基础设施的规划、核准和监督的领域，中国正在推进着全面的体制改革和制度升级，这其中的核心发展原则已经初步确立，但是改革和升级的细节还有很多在酝酿和完善中。为了迎接LNG产业链的历史性发展机会，持续的关注改革和升级的发展细节，和政府部门以及行业中的国际、国内市场参与主体建立长期的沟通机制是非常重要的，也是我们在这一历史发展机会中的核心定位。
In the view of market positioning and government supervision of investment, construction, and operation of LNG terminals, China's LNG industry development should be viewed from the perspective of China's participation in the upgrade of the LNG international trade chain, as well as the perspective of the introduction of international resources, capitals, technologies and operational experience together with the optimal utilization of existing and incremental assets. Both in the areas of foreign investment and the planning, approval and supervision of energy infrastructures, China is promoting comprehensive system reform and institutional upgrade, the core development principles of which have been initially established. However, the details of reforms and upgrades are still in for consideration and improvement. In order to meet the historical development opportunities of the LNG industrial chain, it is very important to pay attention to the development details of reform and upgrading continuously, and to establish long-term communication mechanisms with the government as well as the international and domestic market participants in the industry, which is also our core position in this historical development opportunity.
感谢邴政源律师以及实习生彭千芸对本文资料收集以及翻译所作贡献。