区块链支付与瑞士金融市场监管局‍

全球传统和新兴金融机构在区块链计划方面取得了进展。德国WEG银行在爱沙尼亚获得了加密货币交易和托管许可证。在瑞士，瑞士金融市场监管局（简称FINMA）向两家“基于区块链的服务商”——SEBA加密股份公司和Sygnum AG分别颁发了新的银行和证券交易商许可证。在美国，某一大型银行成为美国第一家使用RippleNet区块链平台处理跨境支付的银行。
Traditional and emerging financial institutions around the world made progress on blockchain initiatives. In Estonia, German bank WEG Bank reportedly obtained a cryptocurrency trading and custody license. In Switzerland, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority, FINMA, issued two new banking and securities dealers' licenses to two "blockchain based service providers," SEBA Crypto AG and Sygnum AG. In the US, a major bank became the first U.S. bank to process cross-border payments using the RippleNet blockchain platform.
最终，瑞士金融市场监管局发布了针对加密货币兑换商的新反洗钱指南。根据该指南，如果发送方和收件人之间的信息无法可靠地传送，则受瑞士金融市场监管局监管的主体不得从事加密货币交易。这个新指南与最近反洗钱金融行动特别工作组发布的指导意见一致。
Finally, FINMA published new anti-money laundering guidance for cryptocurrency exchangers. According to the guidance, FINMA-regulated entities are prohibited from engaging in cryptocurrency transactions if information about the sender and recipient cannot be transmitted reliably. The new guidance is consistent with recently issued guidance from the Financial Action Task Force.
指南的简介和背景
Introduction and Background of FINMA Guidance
2019年8月26日，瑞士金融市场监管局发布了关于区块链支付的02/2019号指导意见。本指南旨在告知市场参与者，在区块链支付服务的背景下，瑞士金融市场监管局对瑞士反洗钱法规的解读，特别是关于金融市场监管局监管下的金融服务提供商将支付发起者和受益人信息转移给接收机构的要求。
On 26 August 2019, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA published the FINMA Guidance 02/2019 regarding payments on the blockchain (the "Guidance").This Guidance informs market participants on FINMA's interpretation of Swiss anti-money laundering ("AML") regulation in the context of blockchain payment services, in particular with regard to the requirements for financial service providers under FINMA supervision to transfer payment originator and beneficiary information to the recipient institutions.
在该指南中，瑞士金融市场监管局首先重申其对监管技术的中立态度，这普遍被认为是促进和支持金融市场创新的方法。然而，瑞士金融市场监管局也指出，不能允许基于区块链商业模式的运营商规避现有的监管框架，特别是反洗钱的监管，因此瑞士金融市场监管局始终将瑞士反洗钱法适用于区块链服务商。该指南（在瑞士金融市场监管局通信的类型中，它位于普通的新闻稿之上，而在更为正式和结构化的瑞士金融市场监管局通告之下）的既定目的，是阐明瑞士金融市场监管局在适用《反洗钱条例》第10条时涉及的区块链上的支付交易。根据《反洗钱条例》第10条，付款发起人的金融中介机构必须就付款交易的接收端向金融中介机构提供有关发端人和受益人的信息。
In the Guidance, FINMA starts by reaffirming its technology neutral approach to regulation, which has generally been considered well-suited to enable and support innovation in the financial marketplace. However, FINMA also points out that operators of blockchain-based business models cannot be allowed to circumvent the existing regulatory framework, in particular AML regulation, and that FINMA has therefore consistently applied the Swiss Anti-Money Laundering Act ("AMLA") to blockchain service providers. The stated purpose of the Guidance (which, in the typology of FINMA communications, sits above a plain press release, yet below the more formal and structured FINMA circular) is to clarify FINMA's position with respect to the application of the requirements of article 10 of the FINMA-Anti Money Laundering Ordinance ("AMLO-FINMA") to payment transactions on blockchain. Pursuant to article 10 AMLO-FINMA, the financial intermediary of a payment originator is required to provide and transmit information on the originator and the beneficiary to the financial intermediary on the receiving end of the payment transaction.