外国人在中国就业常见问题三

根据国家统计局公布的《第七次全国人口普查公报（第八号）》文件显示，截至2020年11月1日，在我国居留的港澳台居民及外籍人员合计1,430,695人，而其中以就业为目的在华居留的就有444,336人。伴随着来华就业的外国人不断增加，外籍人员与用人单位的劳动争议案件也呈现逐年上升的趋势。本专题系列将就笔者实务中接触的外籍人员与用人单位劳动争议的常见问题进行探讨。
According to the "Seventh National Population Census Bulletin (No. 8)" document released by the National Bureau of Statistics, as of November 1, 2020, there were a total amount of 1,430,695 Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan residents and foreigners residing in China, of which 444,336 were staying in China for employment purposes. With the increasing number of foreigners coming to work in China, the labor dispute cases between foreigners and employers have also shown an upward trend year by year. This article will discuss the common questions of labor disputes between the foreigners and employers that the author has been asked in practice.
什么是非法就业，需要承担什么后果？
What is illegal employment and what are the consequences?
根据《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第四十三条规定：“外国人有下列行为之一的，属于非法就业：（一）未按照规定取得工作许可和工作类居留证件在中国境内工作的；（二）超出工作许可限定范围在中国境内工作的；（三）外国留学生违反勤工助学管理规定，超出规定的岗位范围或者时限在中国境内工作的。”
According to the Article 43 of the Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, “Any of the following acts of foreigners shall be deemed unlawful employment:
(1) Work in China without obtaining work permits or work-type residence permits in accordance with relevant regulations;
(2) Work in China beyond the scope prescribed in the work permits;
(3) Foreign students work in violation of the regulations on the administration of foreign students working to support their study in China and work beyond the prescribed scope of jobs or prescribed time limit.
而对于确定构成非法就业的，出入境管理部门会同时对劳动者及用人单位进行处罚。根据《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第八十条规定：“外国人非法就业的，处五千元以上二万元以下罚款；情节严重的，处五日以上十五日以下拘留，并处五千元以上二万元以下罚款。介绍外国人非法就业的，对个人处每非法介绍一人五千元，总额不超过五万元的罚款；对单位处每非法介绍一人五千元，总额不超过十万元的罚款；有违法所得的，没收违法所得。非法聘用外国人的，处每非法聘用一人一万元，总额不超过十万元的罚款；有违法所得的，没收违法所得。”
For those who are confirmed to constitute illegal employment, the exit-entry administration department will punish both the employee and the employer. According to the Article 80 of the Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, “Foreigners who work in China illegally shall be fined not less than RMB 5,000 but not more than RMB 20,000 yuan; where circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than fifteen days and shall also be fined not less than RMB 5,000 yuan but not more than RMB 20,000 yuan.
Persons who introduce jobs to ineligible foreigners shall be fined RMB 5,000 yuan for each job illegally introduced to one foreigner, with a cap of not more than RMB 50,000 yuan in total; and entities that introduce jobs to ineligible foreigners shall be fined RMB 5,000 yuan for each job illegally introduced to one foreigner, with a cap of RMB 100,000 yuan in total; and the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated.
Individuals or entities that illegally employ foreigners shall be fined RMB 10,000 yuan for each illegally employed foreigner, with a cap of RMB 100,000 yuan in total; and the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated.”
此外，第六十二条还规定：“外国人有下列情形之一的，可以遣送出境：（一）被处限期出境，未在规定期限内离境的；（二）有不准入境情形的；（三）非法居留、非法就业的；（四）违反本法或者其他法律、行政法规需要遣送出境的。其他境外人员有前款所列情形之一的，可以依法遣送出境。被遣送出境的人员，自被遣送出境之日起一至五年内不准入境。”
In Addition, the Article 62 states that “Under any of the following circumstances, foreigners may be repatriated:
(1) Are ordered to exit China within a prescribed time limit but fail to do so;
(2) Are involved in circumstances in which they are not allowed to enter China;
(3) Illegally reside or work in China;
(4) Need to be repatriated for violation of this Law or other laws or administrative regulations.
Other overseas personnel who fall under any of the circumstances prescribed in the preceding paragraph may be repatriated in accordance with the law.
Repatriated persons shall not be allowed to enter China for one to five years, calculating from the date of repatriation.”
可见，外籍人员构成非法就业的，除了被处以罚款外，还可能面临遣送出境的处罚。而实务中，除了上述风险外，如外籍人员因非法就业遭受过行政处罚，该不良行为会被记录在其个人档案中，情节严重的还会对其后续申请工作许可造成极大的负面影响。
Therefore, the foreign employee who constitute illegal employment may face the penalty of deportation in addition to being fined. In practice, in addition to the above risks, if a foreigner has been given administrative penalties for illegal employment, this misconduct will be recorded in their personal files, and will also have a great negative impact on their subsequent application for work permits.
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