涉外知产纠纷及反制裁新规——政企发力防打压、送达取证需守法

本文针对国务院近日发布的《国务院关于涉外知识产权纠纷处理的规定》，《实施<中华人民共和国反外国制裁法>的规定》，从反外国制裁、数据跨境传输、以及国际司法协助中取证和送达流程方面，简评两部新规对境内企业及个人的影响。
2025年3月13日，国务院第53次常务会议通过《国务院关于涉外知识产权纠纷处理的规定》（“《知产纠纷规定》”），提出国务院知识产权管理部门以及商务主管部门将统筹处理涉外知识产权纠纷的指导和服务，旨在指引中国企业预防和化解涉外知识产权纠纷，并且对外国国家以知识产权纠纷为借口对我国及企业进行遏制、打压，对我国公民、组织采取歧视性限制措施等行为采取有力的反制。同时，重申并强调了境内组织和个人参与境外知识产权诉讼或受到境外调查时必须遵守与境内送达、调查取证、证据传输出境等相关的法律法规。
On March 13, 2025, the 53rd executive meeting of the State Council passed the Regulations of the State Council on the Handling of Foreign-Related Intellectual Property Disputes (hereinafter referred to as the “IP Dispute Regulations”). It proposes that the departments in charge of intellectual property management, including trademarks, patents, and copyrights (hereinafter referred to as “intellectual property management departments”), as well as the Ministry of Commerce, will coordinate and provide guidance and services for handling foreign-related intellectual property disputes. The aims are to guide Chinese enterprises in preventing and resolving foreign-related intellectual property disputes, to take strong countermeasures against actions by foreign countries that use intellectual property disputes as a pretext to suppress and contain China and its enterprises, and to impose discriminatory restrictive measures on Chinese citizens and organizations. At the same time, the regulations reiterate and emphasize that domestic organizations and individuals participating in foreign intellectual property litigations or subject to foreign investigations must comply with relevant laws and regulations regarding service of process, investigation and evidence collection, and the transmission of evidence across borders within the territory.
紧随其后，2025年3月23日，国务院颁布《实施<中华人民共和国反外国制裁法>的规定》（“《反外国制裁法实施规定》”）进一步明确，我国公民、组织有权针对执行或协助执行外国国家对其采取的歧视性限制措施向人民法院起诉，此外，国务院有关部门也有权决定将通过推动、实施诉讼等手段危害我国主权、安全、发展利益的外国主体列入反制清单。
Echoing the above, on March 23, 2025, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Implementation of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “Implementation Regulations of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law”), which further clarifies that Chinese citizens and organizations have the right to file a litigation in the people’s courts against those who implement or assist in the implementation of discriminatory restrictive measures by foreign countries. In addition, the relevant departments of the State Council also have the authority to decide to include foreign entities that endanger China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests through litigation and other means in the countermeasures list.
一、多机关协同引导企业处理涉外知识产权纠纷
Multiple Agencies Collaborate to Guide Enterprises in Handling Foreign-Related Intellectual Property Disputes
《知产纠纷规定》明确了以国务院知识产权管理部门、商务主管部门作为牵头机关，会同司法部门等，为企业处理涉外知识产权纠纷提供便利。从日常经营涉及的外国知识产权信息、知识产权法律制度变化的查询和追踪，到以涉外知识产权纠纷关注焦点的宣传和培训，以及对纠纷的应对指导与维权援助等环节，国务院有关部门均将为企业提供指导，协助企业在涉外知识产权纠纷中有效预防风险、顺利化解纠纷。
The IP Dispute Regulations clarify that the intellectual property management departments and Ministry of Commerce will act as the leading agencies, in conjunction with judicial departments and others, to facilitate the handling of foreign-related intellectual property disputes by enterprises. From the daily operation-related foreign intellectual property information, tracking changes in intellectual property legal systems, to the promotion and training focused on the focal points of foreign-related intellectual property disputes, as well as guidance on dispute response and assistance in rights protection, the relevant departments will provide guidance to help enterprises effectively prevent risks and resolve disputes in foreign-related intellectual property disputes.
二、防止外国以知识产权纠纷为由对我国公民、组织采取歧视性限制措施
Preventing Foreign Countries from Imposing Discriminatory Restrictive Measures on Chinese Citizens and Organizations under the Pretext of Intellectual Property Disputes
《知产纠纷规定》第十五、十六条提出了我国公民、组织可根据《反外国制裁法》等相关法规，针对外国国家借由知识产权纠纷所施加的歧视性限制措施维护自身权利。2025年3月19日，最高人民法院工作报告写入了一件请求“协助执行外国国家歧视性限制措施的企业”停止对中国企业的侵权行为并赔偿损失的成功案例[1]，是《反外国制裁法》生效以来适用该法受理诉讼并促成和解的第一案。
Articles 15 and 16 of the IP Dispute Regulations propose that Chinese citizens and organizations may, in accordance with the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law and other relevant regulations, safeguard their rights against discriminatory restrictive measures imposed by foreign countries under the pretext of intellectual property disputes. On March 19, 2025, the work report of the Supreme People’s Court included a successful case of a request for a “foreign enterprise assisting in the implementation of discriminatory restrictive measures by a foreign country” to cease its infringement against a Chinese enterprise and compensate for losses. This was the first case since the implementation of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law where a lawsuit was initiated, and a settlement was reached.
《反外国制裁法实施规定》提出，国务院外交、商务、发展改革、司法行政等多部门将参与反外国制裁工作的协调工作，并由各行业领域的相关部门依照职责权限实施反制措施。未来是否将由某一特定部门领导反外国制裁工作，或另设专门机构统一领导各部门实施反制措施，仍有待实践中持续观察。
The Implementation Regulations of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law propose that multiple departments, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Justice, will participate in the coordination of countermeasures against foreign sanctions, and the relevant departments in various industry fields will implement countermeasures in accordance with their respective responsibilities. It remains to be observed in practice whether a specific department will lead the countermeasures against foreign sanctions in the future, or whether a special institution will be established to unify the implementation of countermeasures by various departments.
《知产纠纷规定》及《反外国制裁法实施规定》的出台以及《反外国制裁法》第一案的成功，都表明中国政府抵制外国通过知识产权诉讼等各种手段对我国企业和个人进行打压的决心。可见，《反外国制裁法》及《反外国制裁法实施规定》为在外国组织或个人以知识产权纠纷为借口对中国企业采取歧视性限制措施的情形下，国务院有关部门对其采取禁止合作或交易等反制措施，或中国企业要求其停止侵权并主张损害赔偿均提供了维权基础。
The introduction of the IP Dispute Regulations and the Implementation Regulations of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, as well as the success of the first case under the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, all demonstrate China’s determination to resist foreign suppression of Chinese enterprises and individuals through intellectual property litigation and other means. It is evident that the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law and the Implementation Regulations of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law provide a basis for rights protection for the Chinese government to take countermeasures such as prohibiting cooperation or transactions against foreign entities that take discriminatory restrictive measures against Chinese enterprises under the pretext of intellectual property disputes, or for Chinese enterprises to demand cessation of infringement and claim damages.
三、参与涉外知识产权诉讼应遵守法定程序
Compliance with Legal Procedures in Participating in Foreign-Related Intellectual Property Litigation
《知产纠纷规定》进一步重申和强调，数据跨境传输、调查取证、文书送达等环节应遵循法定程序。在涉外知识产权司法程序中，前述环节事关司法主权、国家秘密、数据安全、商业秘密等，因此需要格外重视。企业在参与涉外知识产权纠纷中，应严格遵循《民事诉讼法》、《国际刑事司法协助法》、《海牙送达公约》、其他法律法规，通过司法部、人民法院、外交部等有关部门，进行文书送达、调查取证等司法协助事宜；在数据跨境传输环节，应遵守《数据安全法》《个人信息保护法》、《促进和规范数据跨境流动规定》等相关规定，及时通过国家或省级网信部门履行相关审批和备案程序。
The IP Dispute Regulations further reiterate and emphasize that the procedures for cross-border data transmission, investigation and evidence collection, and service of process must be followed in accordance with the law. In foreign-related intellectual property judicial procedures, the above-mentioned procedures are crucial to judicial sovereignty, state secrets, data security, trade secrets, and other aspects, and therefore must be given special attention. In participating in foreign-related intellectual property disputes, enterprises must strictly follow the Civil Procedure Law, the Law on International Criminal Judicial Assistance, the Hague Service Convention, and other relevant laws and regulations. They must handle judicial assistance matters such as service of process and investigation and evidence collection through relevant departments such as the Ministry of Justice, the People's Courts, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the cross-border data transmission process, they must comply with relevant regulations such as the Data Security Law, the Personal Information Protection Law, and the Regulations on the Promotion and Standardization of Cross-Border Data Flows, and promptly fulfill the relevant approval and filing procedures through the national or provincial cyberspace administration departments.
四、总结
Summary
随着跨境电商与AI技术的成熟发展，越来越多的中国企业在快速走向世界舞台，涉外知识产权纠纷和外国制裁相关的风险也显著提高。在这样的背景下，《知产纠纷规定》的出台为企业提供了便利的条件和指导，也提出了企业在涉外知识产权纠纷可能面对的外国国家打压的维权基础，强调了参与涉外知识产权纠纷中的程序性要求，全方位促进企业高效、合规参与涉外知识产权纠纷，维护企业和公民的合法权益。《反外国制裁法实施规定》则为《反外国制裁法》的实施提供了更强的操作性，共同构建了强有力的支持体系。
With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce and AI technology, more and more Chinese enterprises are quickly stepping onto the world stage. The risks of foreign-related intellectual property disputes and foreign sanctions have also significantly increased. Against this backdrop, the introduction of the IP Dispute Regulations provides enterprises with convenient conditions and guidance, and also offers a basis for rights protection against foreign suppression that enterprises may face in foreign-related intellectual property disputes. The IP Dispute Regulations emphasized the procedural requirements in participating in foreign-related intellectual property disputes, comprehensively promoted the efficient and compliant participation of enterprises in foreign-related intellectual property disputes to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and citizens, and the Implementation Regulations of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law also provide greater operability for the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, together, building a strong support system.
[注]
[1] 巨某海洋工程重工有限公司与S船用设备公司反外国制裁侵权责任纠纷案——以“东方经验”化解国际商事纠纷【（2024）苏72民初2157号】。